RCABench: Open Benchmarking Platform for Root Cause Analysis

Fuzzing has contributed to automatically identifying bugs and vulnerabilities in the software testing field. Although it can efficiently generate crashing inputs, these inputs are usually analyzed manually. Several root cause analysis (RCA) techniques have been proposed to automatically analyze the root causes of crashes to mitigate this cost. However, outstanding challenges for realizing more elaborate RCA techniques remain unknown owing to the lack of extensive evaluation methods over existing techniques. With this problem in mind, we developed an end-to-end benchmarking platform, RCABench, that can evaluate RCA techniques for various targeted programs in a detailed and comprehensive manner. Our experiments with RCABench indicated that the evaluations in previous studies were not enough to fully support their claims. Moreover, this platform can be leveraged to evaluate emerging RCA techniques by comparing them with existing techniques.Comment: Accepted by NDSS 2023 Workshop on Binary Analysis Research (BAR); Best Paper Awar

An Early Study on Intelligent Analysis of Speech under COVID-19: Severity, Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Anxiety

The COVID-19 outbreak was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation in March 2020 and has affected a growing number of people in the past few weeks. In this context, advanced artificial intelligence techniques are brought to the fore in responding to fight against and reduce the impact of this global health crisis. In this study, we focus on developing some potential use-cases of intelligent speech analysis for COVID-19 diagnosed patients. In particular, by analysing speech recordings from these patients, we construct audio-only-based models to automatically categorise the health state of patients from four aspects, including the severity of illness, sleep quality, fatigue, and anxiety. For this purpose, two established acoustic feature sets and support vector machines are utilised. Our experiments show that an average accuracy of .69 obtained estimating the severity of illness, which is derived from the number of days in hospitalisation. We hope that this study can foster an extremely fast, low-cost, and convenient way to automatically detect the COVID-19 disease

インソールが片脚着地の床反力の側方成分に与える影響

着地動作は多くのスポーツ障害の要因となる動作の一つである。着地の瞬間に足から全身に衝撃が加わり、その衝撃は床反力から算出することができる。着地の際の床反力を減少させる可能性のある装具として、インソールがあり、実際にインソールを装着することによって床反力の垂直成分が減少することが知られている。他方、床反力の側方成分は左右への衝撃を示す。しかしながらインソールを装着することで床反力の側方成分が減少するかどうかは明らかとなっていない。そこで本研究ではインソールが着地の瞬間の床反力の側方成分に与える影響を検証した。対象は健常な大学生9名とした。対象者には前方に床反力計のある30センチ台上に立たせ、着地させた。着地の条件はインソールあり、なしの2条件で各5回実施させた。各条件は被験者ごとにランダムに実施させた。床反力計から着地直後200msecにおける床反力の垂直成分最大値と外側成分最大値、内側成分最大値を算出した。被験者ごとの条件別の平均値を算出し、2条件間を比較した。また外側成分における荷重変化率を算出し、外側成分最大値との相関関係を検証した。有意水準は5%とした。インソールあり条件にて外側成分最大値は有意に減少した。内側成分最大値は有意に増加した。また外側成分最大値と外側成分荷重変化率は正の相関関係を認めた。インンソールは着地の側方成分を減少させることが明らかとなった。またこの作用にはインソールによる衝撃吸収能が関与している可能性が示唆された。This study was designed to determine whether the use of shoes with insoles changed in ground reaction force during drop jump landing in healthy subjects. Nine subjects performed single leg jumps onto a force platform at a self-selected pace for five trials with and without insoles, and ground reaction forces, were recorded. Magnitudes of forces during the first 200 ms following impact were analysed and compared between with and without insoles. The use of shoes with insoles significantly decreased the lateral force peaks, and increased medial force peaks. The use of shoes with insoles reduce impact forces in healthy subjects. These results suggest that may contribute to disorder prevention by a reduction of impact force while using insoles

2017 年度臨地実習におけるルーブリックを用いた看護技術到達度の学生自己評価の報告

報告Reports　学生が卒業までに修得すべき看護技術について、技術内容の評価基準を明確化したルーブリックによる質的な評価表を作成した。学生がルーブリックによる自己評価を記録し教員と共有するICT システムを作成し、臨地実習にて学生の技術到達度の確認と指導に活用した。現状の教育内容の成果と課題を明確にするために、2017 年度秋セメスターから2018 年度春セメスターに行われた臨地実習期間に入力された自己評価データを集計し、学生の技術修得状況を確認した。結果からは、臨地実習や学内演習での繰り返しの実践によって高い到達度評価が得られている技術項目が存在する一方で、臨地実習での実践や経験の機会が限られる項目に関しては、評価のレベルが上がらない傾向がみられた。また臨地実習を進めながらの142 項目の技術評価は学生・教員とも負担が大きく、自己評価の更新頻度を向上させ学生の実態を客観的に把握するためには技術項目の精選による絞り込みが必要と考えられる

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target